Heating boiler



Sept 8, 193. J. M. MERZ 1,821,981

HEATING BOILER Filed May 3l, 1928 Patented Sept. 8, 1931 UNTTED sTATEs PATENT ori-ICE JOHN MARTIN MER-Z, OF SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY

HEATING BOILER Application filed May 31,

The invention relates to improvements in heating boilers adapted to heat water for hot water equipments or to generatel steam for steam apparatus. The purpose of the invention is to provide a heater adapted to heat water quickly and also adapted to generate rapidly a constant supply of steam; another purpose is to provide a heating boiler which may be manufactured at reasonable cost and sold at a reasonable price; and to provide other new and useful features of construction as will hereinafter appear.

With these objects in View my invention consists in the novel features of construction and combination of parts shown in the accompanying drawings to which reference is hereby made.

I will now describe the construction of my improved heating boiler and will recite vthe new and useful features thereof in the ap pended claims.

igure 1 is a sectional view taken on the axis of the boiler. In this view some of the parts are shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the heater taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, but with the baille plate omitted and shows in detail the construction of one deflector ring; Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the connecting devices used to connect the internal tubes with the crown of the heater and with the circular wall ofthe tapered internal member of the heater. p

Similar reference numerals and letters designate like parts throughout the several views.

The base, designated as a whole by numeral 6 is preferably an octagonal casting having a fiat bottom. A door 7 is hinged on the base and has a valve 8 controlling the supply of air in the interior of the casing. A ring 9 is secured on top of the casting and has an integral circular flange 9a adapted to keep the body of the heater in place on the base. The grate 10, which may be of any usual or convenient construction is supported by and detachably connected with the ring 9.

The body of the heater is a cylindrical sheet metal structure of suitable dimensions 1928. Serial No. 281,956.

and-suitable gauge varyingaccording to the size ofthe structure and the conditions of use. I prefer to use open hearth flange steel weighing, say ten pounds to the square foot, approved by U. S Government stamp. The body of the heater comprises a cylindrical outer shell 12, a circular crownl sheet 13, an annular bottom 14 and an inner tapered circular shell 15 in the form a cone, suitably riveted and welded together. A thick insulating covering 16 preferably of fibrous asbestos fabric, surrounds the shell 12 and prevents outward radiation of heat. lean out openings adjacent to the bottom 14 are closed by plugs 18 which may be re moved when it i`s necessaryto clean out the boiler and may be replaced when thecleaning is completed.

DIRECT AND MESNE of a frustrum of A standard water gauge `19 placed in any convenient position onrthe heater, indicates the level of the water in the boiler.

A standard steam gauge 20 is tapped into the crown sheet 13 and indicates steam pressure. 'A standard safety valve 36 controls maximumqsteam pressure within the boiler.

Annular concavo-convex deiiectors 21 preferably of Shelby seamless steel are welded on the inner wall of the taperec 'shell 15. Circular series of openings 22 communicate with the interiors of the respective deflectors and permit free circulation of water in the deflec` tors thereby avoiding over-heating of the metal.

In addition to providing free circulation of water as described, the annular delectors servle to stiifen and strengthen the tapered shel I have shown a series of sixt-een water-#circulatingvtubes 23 within the shell 15, but a greater or less number of tubes may be used without departure from my invention. v The tubes 23 are all alike, so a description of one will suffice for all. These tubes are preferably made of 5%, #2O gauge, seamless copper tubing. This tubing is very desirable and effective for the purpose because it is thin, light, and easy to handle; can be Vobtained at relatively small cost and is not subject to corrosion and is slow to accumulate scale.

A circular series of unionsv 24 are tapped into the crown sheet 13, one union for each tube.

A circula-r series of unions 24a are tapped into the wall of the shell 15 at a point lelow the established water level in the heater. Each tube is bent as shown at 23a between the deflectors 21. The upper end of each tube is provided with a heavy brass ground nut 25 which screws onto the union 24; and the lower end of each tube is provided with a similar nut 25a which screws onto the union 24a. 1Water from the boiler enters the tubes through the unions 25a and in its upward passage through the tubes is quickly converted into steam which enters the steam space in the boiler through the unions 24.

The two Ushape super-heater tubes 30 are preferably 1/5 seamless copper tubes. Each tube 30 has One end detachably connected with the crown sheet by a union 31 having a heavy brass nut 32, similar to the means already described for detachably connecting the circulation tubes with the boiler. rIhe other ends of the tubes 30 are tapped into bosses 33a on the bottom of the chamber 33.

The tubes 30 extend downwardly somewhat below the lower detlector 21 and hang directly over the ire in the combustion chamber.

A horizontal flat circular baile plate 34 is supported on the tubes 30 and occupies a space bounded by the curved parts 23a of the tubes 23.

Between the deflectors 21 there is a concentrated heat Zone C which serves eectively to convert into steam the ascending water in the tubes 23 and to superheat the steam from the boiler going through the tubes 30 to the chamber 33.

A sheet-metal hood or smoke-box 26 is detachably connected with,vv the boiler by any suit-able means. The smoke-box has a hinged check-draft door 27, and a pipe 28 conveying smoke from the box to the chimney.

Owing to the small calibre of the circulating tubes 23 and their location in the zone C the generating of steam is very rapid and it is therefore necessary 'to provide means assuring an automatically controlled water supply. Any suitable automatic feed system may be used for this purpose.

I have shown and described a heater adapted to burn coal, but it is obvious that the structure is equally adapted to use gas or oil for fuel without material cha-nge in the structure.

The circulating tubes 23 are 3/8 #20 gauge copper tubes; the super-heater tubes 30 are 1/2 copper tubes. They take steam at boiler pressure, circulate it through the tubes and deliver superheated steam into the chamber 33. I have shown four steam mains 50',

each 578 steel tubes, directly connecteduwith 8 radiators 51, each of approximately 150 to 200 square feet of eiective radiation. The steam passing through the circulating tubes, the superheaters and the W8 mains, reaches the radiators at approximately the maximum temperature and expands within the raidiators so that the heat produced in the combustion chamber is effectively applied in the radiators.

Having fully describedmy invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A heating boiler comprising: a. cylindrical outer shell closed at both ends; a tapered inner shell in the form of a truncated cone, open at both ends and having steam-tight connection with said outer shell at top and bottom of said truncated cone, said inner shell being adapted to form a combustion chamber; a superheated-steam receptacle above the open upper'end of said inner shell; a pair of concave-convex annulardeliectors forming water rings in steam-tight juncture with said inner shell and adapted to receive water through holes in said inner shell; and U-shaped superheater tubes, extending through the Zone bounded by said deflectors, receiving steam Jfrom the boiler and delivering superheated steam to said receptacle.

2. A heating boiler comprising: a cylindrical outer shell closed at both ends; a tapered inner shell in the form of a truncated cone open at both ends and having steam tight connection with said outer shell; a smoke hood above said shells; a superheated-steam receptacle within said hood above the open upper end of said inner shell; depending u-shaped superheater tubes in operative relation with said receptacle; a circular baille coaxial with said inner shell and supported upon said superheater tubes; a pair ofl water-cooled concave-convex annular deflectors in steam tight juncture with said inner shellv spaced apart one above and one below said baille, adapted to direct the gases of combustion and further adapted to stiften said inner shell; and a circular series of upright quickesteaming tubes of relatively small calibre and thin walls having substantially vertical straight elements and outwardly bowed intermediate elements extending through the zone between said baffle and said deliectors.

3. In a vertical steam boiler, the combination of: an inner shell; a pair o water-cooled annular deflector elements spaced apart, one above the other, on the inner surface of said shell; a horizontal circular baille plate coaxial with said inner shell, at an elevation intermediate between said deflector elements, and adapted to coact with said deflector elements to direct the gases of combustion; and a circular series ointerchangeable upright steamgenerating tubes, between said baffle and said delectors, each tube being arched outwardly around the edge of said baffle in the zone between said defiectors.

4. In combination: a first compartment having the form of a truncated cone open at the top and adapted to serve as a combustion chamber; a second compartment, surrounding said first compartment, having the same height as said first compartment, and adapted to serve as al water and steam chamber; an annular crown plate capping said second compartment; a smoke compartment above said first compartment, covering part of said crown plate and adapted to receive gases of combustion through the open end of said first compartment; a receptacle in said smoke compartment coaxial with said first compartment and connected to receive and deliver superheated steam; interchangeable superheater tubes each having an outward and downward terminal crook within said smoke compartment connected to take steam upwardly through said crown plate, a U-shaped body portion depending in said first compartment, and a straight terminal portion'connected to discharge superheated steam upwardly into said receptacle; and interchangeable thin-walled steam-generating tubes of relatively small calibre arranged in a circle around said super-heater tubes, each having an outwardly bent lower terminal portion connected to take water from said second compartment, a substantially vertical body portion in said first compartment, and an outward and downward bend in said smoke compartment connected to deliver steam downwardly through said crown plate.

5. In a vertical steam boiler, the combination of: an inner shell; a pair of U-shaped superheater tubes depending within said inner shell; a horizontal circular baflle plate supported on said superheater tubes in a position coaxial with said inner shell; a pair of water-cooled annular d-eflectors attached to the inner surface of said shell, one above and one below said baffle plate; and a circular series of steam-generating tubes extending upwardly between said baffle plate and said deflectors and having outwardly arched elements at an elevation corresponding with said baffle plate.

In a quick steaming boiler, the comb-ination of: a plurality of substantially vertical steam-generating tubes having communication with the water space of the boiler at their lower ends, having communication with the steam space of the boiler at their upper ends, and each having an outwardly arched element in an intermediate part; depending superheater tubes in the central space surrounded by said steam-generating tubes; and a horizontal baffle plate supported by said superheater tubes at a height corresponding to the arched elements of said steam-generating tubes.

of said shell and adapted to be entirely sur- Y rounded by fiue gases; depending U-shaped superheater tubes connected to the bottom of said receptacle; and steam delivery pipes connected to the top of said receptacle and leading upwardly through said hood.

In a vertical boiler having a substantially horizontal crown plate, a uniformly tapered combustion chamber and a smoke hood surmounting said crown plate and said combustion chamber, the combination of: a receptacle for superheated steam directly above said combustion chamber and wholly within said smoke hood; and U-shaped superheater tubes depending in said combustion chamber, having one leg terminally recurved outwardly and downwardly above said crown plate within said hood, whereby to receive steam upwardly through said crown plate, and having the other leg connected tothe bottom of said receptacle, whereby to deliver superheated steam upwardly into said receptacle.

9. In a boiler having a plurality of water tubes within an inner shell: a water-cooled stiffener and defiector encircling the water tubes and adapted to stiften said shell and to direct the gases of combustion in relation to said water tubesrconsisting of a unitary annular member of constant concavo-conveX cross section having its edges contiguous with said shell and having the space Vbetween said shell and the concave surface of said annular member adapted for circulation of water through holes in said shell, substantially as set forth.

10. In combination with the inner shell and the crown plate of a vertical boiler; a plurality of thin-walled quick-steaming tubes of relatively small calibre, each comprising a, vertical substantially straight main portion having an outwardly arched member in its intermediate part; an outwardly directed L- shaped bend below said main portion having a terminal union fitting adapted for detachable connection to a nipple in said inner shell; and an outwardly directed inverted U-bend above said main portion having a terminal union fitting adapted for detachable connection to a nipple in said crown J opening and wholly Within said smoke hood; U-shaped superheater tubes connected to the bottom of said receptacle, depending through said opening, and each having an outwardly and downwardly bent terminal portion above said crown plate, Within said smoke hood, connected to one series of said nipples; and water tubes each having an upright main portion eXtending through said opening, and an outwardly and downwardly bent terminal portion, above said crown plate Within said smoke hood, connected to the other series of said nipples.

l2. n a steam boiler the combination of: a 'crown plate; a conically tapered inner shell terminating in said crown plate; a smoke hood sui-mounting said crown plate; and a plurality or" oireularly arranged quick-steam ing tubes having their lower ends removably z; connected to nipples in said inner shell and having their upper ends outwardly and do\vn wardly recurved within said smoke hood and removably connected to nipples in said crown plate.

13. in combination with the crown plate ot a vertical steam heating boiler; superheater tubes each comprising a depending U- shaped body portion; an outwardly directed, downwardly bent terminal portion above SO said crown plate, having a terminal union fitting adapted for detachable connection to a nipple in said crown plate; and a straight upwardly directed terminal portion eXtend- Cil ing; higher than said bent terminal portion 2?'5 and adapted tor detachable connection to a superheated-steani receptacle.

In Witness whereof l have signed my name to this specification at Springfield, Illinois, this 19th day of May, 1928.

Lio JOHN MARTIN MERZ. 

